When hiring a car, all rental companies should provide you with third party cover as standard. However, many vehicles also come with a CDW or LDW for extra protection, while breakdown cover usually has to be purchased separately as an extra if you want it.
Here is some more information on the types of insurance typically included with a rental car:
Third Party Insurance
Third party cover, also known as supplemental liability insurance (SLI), will cover the cost of repairing any damage to another driver’s car should you be in an accident as well as compensation for injuries they may sustain.
In the UK and many other European countries, third party cover is nearly always paid for by the rental company. However, if you’re travelling in America or Canada, third party cover may not be provided as standard. Always check your agreement carefully before assuming you’re protected.
Collision Damage Waiver (CDW) and Loss Damage Waiver (LDW)
Usually, car rental agreements also have a damage waiver - either collision (CDW) or loss (LDW) - included, and this functions similarly to standard car insurance in that you're covered for damage to the vehicle itself, not just other people’s property. The damage waiver is usually limited to certain types of damage, however (it might not cover damage to tyres, for example), and any claims will be subject to excess.
Both CDW and LDW work in a very similar way, but the key difference is that CDW only covers you for collision-related damages, while LDW covers you for both these damages as well as loss of the rental vehicle (if it was stolen, for example).